لماذا لا يقبل الخالق من عباده المعصية؟
Why does the Creator not accept His slaves to sin?
إذا أراد الإنسان أن يعصي الله فلا يأكل من رزقه، وليخرج من أرضه، وليبحث عن مكان آمن لا يراه الله فيه. وإذا جاءه ملك الموت ليقبض روحه، فليقل له أخرني حتى أتوب توبةً نصوحًا وأعمل لله عملاً صالحًا، وإذا جاءته ملائكة العذاب يوم القيامة ليأخذوه إلى النار، فلا يذهب معهم، وليقاومهم وليمتنع عن الذهاب معهم، وليأخذ بنفسه إلى الجنة، فهل يستطيع فعل ذلك؟ [317] . قصة إبراهيم بن أدهم.
If man wants to disobey Allah, then, he must not eat from His provision and must go out of His land and seek a secure place where Allah cannot see Him. And when the angel of death comes to take his soul, let him ask for a respite to repent truly to Allah and offer good deeds for His sake. Then, when the Angels of Torment come to take him to Hellfire on the Day of Judgment, he must not go with them and must resist them. Then, let him lead himself to Paradise. Can man do that? The story of Ibrāhīm ibn Ad'ham.
إن الإنسان حين يقتني حيوانًا أليفًا في منزله، فأقصى ما يرجوه منه هو الطاعة، وهذا لأنه اشتراه فقط ولم يخلقه، فما بالنا بخالقنا وبارئنا، ألا يستحق منا الطاعة والعبادة والاستسلام. فنحن مستسلمون رغمًا عنا في هذه الرحلة الدنيوية في كثير من الأمور، قلبنا ينبض، جهازنا الهضمي يعمل، حواسنا تدرك على أكمل وجه، وما علينا إلا أن نُسلِّم لله بباقي أمورنا التي خُيِّرنا فيها لنصل سالمين إلى بر الأمان.
When man owns a pet in his house, the best he could expect of it is to obey him only because he bought it, but he did not create it. How about our Creator and Initiator, is He not worthy of our obedience, worship, and submission?! In this worldly journey, we are involuntarily submissive in many of our affairs; our heart beats, our digestive system works, and our senses, which are responsible for perception, function perfectly. All we have to do is to submit to Allah concerning the rest of our affairs, which are left to our choice, to reach safety.
يجب أن نفرق بين الإيمان والتسليم لرب العالمين.
We must differentiate between faith and submission to the Lord of the worlds.
فالحق المطلوب لرب العالمين الذي لا يسع أحد تركه هو التسليم له بالوحدانية وعبادته وحده لا شريك له، وأنه الخالق وحده له الملك والأمر، سواء رضينا أم أبينا وهذا أصل الإيمان (والإيمان يكون بالقول والعمل)، ولا نملك خيارًا آخر، والتي على ضوئها يحاسب الإنسان ويعاقب.
The right that the Lord of the worlds is entitled to and that none can neglect is submitting to His Oneness and worshiping Him alone without associating partners with Him, and submitting to the fact that He alone is the Creator to Whom sovereignty and all affairs belong, whether we accept this or not. This is the origin of belief, which should be fulfilled by words and deeds, and we have no other option. In the light of this, man will be reckoned and punished.
وما يقابل التسليم هو الإجرام.
The opposite of submission is delinquency.
قال الله تعالى:
Allah Almighty said:
" أَفَنَجْعَلُ الْمُسْلِمِينَ كَالْمُجْرِمِينَ" [318]. (القلم: 35).
{Should We then treat Muslims like the criminals?} [318] Surat al-Qalam: 35.
وأما الظلم فهو جعل شريك أو ند لرب العالمين.
As for wrongdoing, it is associating partners or rivals with the Lord of the worlds.
قال الله تعالى:
Allah Almighty said:
"...فَلَا تَجْعَلُوا لِلَّـهِ أَندَادًا وَأَنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ" [319]. (البقرة: 22).
{...So do not set up rivals to Allah while you know.} [319] Surat al-Baqarah: 22.
" الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَلَمْ يَلْبِسُوا إِيمَانَهُم بِظُلْمٍ أُولَـٰئِكَ لَهُمُ الْأَمْنُ وَهُم مُّهْتَدُونَ" [320]. (الأنعام: 82).
{Those who believe and do not mix their faith with falsehood are the ones who will be secure, and it is they who are rightly guided.} [320] Surat al-An‘ām: 82.
والإيمان قضية غيبية تقتضي الإيمان بالله وملائكته وكتبه ورسله واليوم الآخر، والقبول والرضا بقضاء الله وقدره.
Faith is an issue related to the unseen that requires belief in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, and the Last Day as well as acceptance and being content with Allah's decree and predestination.
قال الله تعالى:
Allah Almighty said:
" قَالَتِ الْأَعْرَابُ آمَنَّا ۖ قُل لَّمْ تُؤْمِنُوا وَلَـٰكِن قُولُوا أَسْلَمْنَا وَلَمَّا يَدْخُلِ الْإِيمَانُ فِي قُلُوبِكُمْ ۖ وَإِن تُطِيعُوا اللَّـهَ وَرَسُولَهُ لَا يَلِتْكُم مِّنْ أَعْمَالِكُمْ شَيْئًا ۚ إِنَّ اللَّـهَ غَفُورٌ رَّحِيمٌ" [321]. (الحجرات: 14).
{The Bedouins say, “We have believed.” Say, “You have not believed, but say, ‘We have submitted,’ for faith has not yet entered your hearts. But if you obey Allah and His Messenger, He will not detract anything from the reward of your deeds. Indeed, Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.”} [321] Surat al-Hujurāt: 14.
الآية الكريمة أعلاه تدلنا على أن الإيمان مرتبة ودرجة أرفع وأسمى وهي الرضا والقبول والقناعة، والإيمان درجات ومراتب يزداد وينقص. فقدرة الإنسان وسعة قلبه على استيعابه للأمور الغيبية تختلف من شخص لآخر، والبشر يتمايزون في سعة إدراكهم لصفات الجمال والجلال ومعرفتهم بربهم.
The previous noble verse indicates that faith is a higher and loftier degree, which refers to acceptance and contentment. Faith has degrees and levels and it increases and decreases. Man's ability and his heart's readiness to comprehend unseen matters vary from one person to another. People differ in the extent of their perception of the attributes of beauty and majesty and their knowledge of their Lord.
فلن يعاقب الإنسان على قلة إدراكه للغيبيات أو ضيق أفقه، ولكن يؤاخذ الله الإنسان على الحد الأدنى المقبول منه للنجاة من الخلود في النار، ويجب التسليم لله بالوحدانية وأن له الخلق والأمر وعبادته وحده، وبهذا التسليم يغفر الله ما سواه من الذنوب لمن يشاء. ولا خيار آخر أمام الإنسان، فإما الإيمان والفوز وإما الكفر والخسران، إما أن يكون شيء أو لا شيء.
Thus, man will not be punished for his low perception of unseen matters or for his narrow-mindedness; however, Allah will hold him accountable for the minimum accepted level that could save him from eternity in Hellfire. It is a must to submit to Allah's Oneness and to admit the fact that the creation and all affairs belong to Him and to worship Him alone. By fulfilling such submission, Allah forgives all other sins for whomever He wills. No other choice is available for man; it is either faith and triumph or disbelief and loss; he must either be something or nothing at all.
قال الله تعالى:
Allah Almighty said:
" إِنَّ اللَّـهَ لَا يَغْفِرُ أَن يُشْرَكَ بِهِ وَيَغْفِرُ مَا دُونَ ذَٰلِكَ لِمَن يَشَاءُ ۚ وَمَن يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّـهِ فَقَدِ افْتَرَىٰ إِثْمًا عَظِيمًا"[322].
{Allah does not forgive associating partners with Him, but forgives anything less than that for whom He wills. Whoever associates partners with Allah has indeed committed a grave sin.} [322]
فالإيمان قضية تتعلق بالغيب وتتوقف عندما ينكشف الغيب أو تظهر علامات الساعة. (النساء: 48).
Faith is an issue related to the unseen and it ceases once the unseen is revealed or the signs of the Hour appear. Surat an-Nisā’: 48.
قال الله تعالى:
Allah Almighty said:
"... يَوْمَ يَأْتِي بَعْضُ آيَاتِ رَبِّكَ لَا يَنفَعُ نَفْسًا إِيمَانُهَا لَمْ تَكُنْ آمَنَتْ مِن قَبْلُ أَوْ كَسَبَتْ فِي إِيمَانِهَا خَيْرًا ۗ ..."[323]. (الأنعام: 158).
{...On the Day when some of your Lord’s signs come, belief will be of no benefit to those who did not believe before, or those who did not do some good through their faith...} [323] Surat al-An‘ām: 158.
والإنسان إن أراد أن ينتفع من إيمانه بالأعمال الصالحة ويزيد من حسناته فلا بد أن يكون ذلك قبل قيام الساعة وانكشاف الغيب.
If man wants to benefit from his faith by performing righteous deeds and increasing his rewards, he must do this before the advent of the Hour and appearance of the unseen.
أما الإنسان الذي ليس له أعمال صالحة فيجب ألا يخرج من الدنيا إلا وهو مستسلم لله ومسلِّم بقضية الوحدانية، والعبادة له وحده، إذا ما كان يرجو النجاة من الخلود في النار، فالخلود المؤقت قد يقع لبعض أهل المعاصي، فهذا تحت مشيئة الله، إن شاء غفر له وإن شاء أدخله النار.
As for the one who has no record of good deeds, if he wishes to be saved from eternity in Hellfire, then, he must leave this world while submitting to Allah and admitting His Oneness and the fact that He alone is worthy of worship. Some sinners may remain temporarily in Hellfire, depending on the will of Allah as He may forgive them if He wishes or admit them to Hellfire if He so wills.
قال الله تعالى:
Allah Almighty said:
"يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ حَقَّ تُقَاتِهِ وَلَا تَمُوتُنَّ إِلَّا وَأَنتُم مُّسْلِمُونَ " [324]. (آل عمران: 102).
{O you who believe, fear Allah as He should be feared, and do not die except as Muslims.} [324] Surat Āl ‘Imrān: 102.
والإيمان في دين الإسلام قول وعمل، فهو ليس إيمانًا فقط كما في تعاليم النصرانية اليوم، ولا عملاً فقط كما هو الحال في الإلحاد، ولا تستوي أعمال الإنسان في مرحلة إيمانه بالغيب وصبره، مع الإنسان الذي عاين وشاهد وانكشف له الغيب في الآخرة، كما لا يستوي من عمل لله في مرحلة الشدة والضعف وعدم معرفة مصير الإسلام، مع من عمل لله والإسلام فيها ظاهر وعزيز وقوي.
In Islam, faith is fulfilled by both words and deeds. It is not belief alone as in Christian teachings today, or deeds alone as in atheism. Man's deeds during the stage of his belief in the unseen along with his patience are not equal to those of the one who examined and witnessed the unseen in the Hereafter. Furthermore, the deeds of the one who worked for the sake of Allah during hardships and the stage of weakness and uncertainty about the future of Islam are not equal to the deeds of the one who worked for the sake of Allah during a period when Islam was victorious, strong, and powerful.
قال الله تعالى:
Allah Almighty said:
" ...لَا يَسْتَوِي مِنكُم مَّنْ أَنفَقَ مِن قَبْلِ الْفَتْحِ وَقَاتَلَ ۚ أُولَـٰئِكَ أَعْظَمُ دَرَجَةً مِّنَ الَّذِينَ أَنفَقُوا مِن بَعْدُ وَقَاتَلُوا ۚ وَكُلًّا وَعَدَ اللَّـهُ الْحُسْنَى ۚ وَاللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ خَبِيرٌ " [325]. (الحديد: 10).
{...Those of you who spent and fought before the conquest [of Mecca and those who did not] are not equal. They are much greater in rank than those who spent and fought afterwards. Yet Allah has promised each a fine reward, and Allah is All-Aware of what you do.} [325] Surat ak-Hadīd: 10.
ورب العالمين لا يعاقب بدون سبب، فالإنسان إما يحاسب ويعاقب على تضيع حقوق العباد أو حق رب العالمين.
The Lord of the worlds does not inflict punishment for no reason. He reckons and punishes either for peoples' violating the rights of others or the right of the Lord of the worlds.
الحق الذي لا يسع أحد تركه للنجاة من الخلود في النار، وهو التسليم لرب العالمين بالوحدانية وعبادته وحده لا شريك له، بقول:"أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له وأشهد أن محمدًا عبده ورسوله وأشهد أن رسل الله حق وأشهد أن الجنة حق والنار حق". والقيام بحقها.
The right that none can neglect to ensure safety from eternity in Hellfire is submitting to the Oneness of the Lord of the worlds and worshiping Him alone without associating partners with Him by saying: "Ash-hadu alla ilāha illallāh wahdahu la sharīka lahu, wa ash-hadu anna Muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasūluh, wa ash-hadu anna rusulullāhi haqq wa ash-hadu anna al-jannata haqq wa an-nāra haqq (I testify that there is no god but Allah alone without a partner, and I testify that Muhammad is His slave and messenger, and I testify that the messengers of Allah are true, and I testify that Paradise is true and that Hellfire is true)", and fulfilling its due requirements.
عدم الصد عن سبيل الله أو معاونة أو مساندة أي عمل يقصد به الوقوف في وجه الدعوة أو انتشار دين الله.
Refraining from turning people away from the path of Allah and from advocating or supporting any act intended to obstruct Da‘wah (calling to Islam) or prevent the spread of Allah's religion.
عدم هضم أو ضياع حقوق الناس أو ظلمهم.
Refraining from treating people unjustly, violating their rights, or oppressing them.
كف الشر عن الخلق والمخلوقات، وإن تطلب ذلك أن ينأى بنفسه أو يعتزل الناس.
Sparing people one's harm even if that requires keeping oneself far or isolated from people.
فالإنسان ربما لا تكون له أعمال صالحة كثيرة لكنه لم يضر أحدًا أو ينشغل بأي عمل يسيء لنفسه أو للناس، وشهد لله بالوحدانية، يُرجى له بذلك النجاة من عذاب النار.
One might not have a record full of good deeds; however, if he did not harm anyone and did not get engaged in any act that would bring evil either to himself or to others, and testified to the Oneness of Allah, it is hoped that he might be saved from the torment of Hellfire.
قال الله تعالى:
Allah Almighty said:
" مَّا يَفْعَلُ اللَّـهُ بِعَذَابِكُمْ إِن شَكَرْتُمْ وَآمَنتُمْ ۚ وَكَانَ اللَّـهُ شَاكِرًا عَلِيمًا" [326]. (النساء: 147).
{Why would Allah punish you, if you are grateful and faithful? Allah is ever Appreciative, All-Knowing.} [326] Surat an-Nisā’: 147.
فالبشر يتم تصنيفهم على مراتب ودرجات ابتداءً من أعمالهم في الدنيا في عالم الشهادة وحتى قيام الساعة وانكشاف عالم الغيب وبدء الحساب في الآخرة، فمن الأقوام من يبتليهم الله في الآخرة كما ورد في الحديث الشريف.
People are classified into ranks and levels starting from their deeds in the worldly life and until the Day of Judgment when the world of the unseen is disclosed and the Reckoning begins. Among people, there are those whom Allah will afflict in the Hereafter as mentioned in the noble Hadīth.
فرب العالمين يعاقب الأقوام كلاً حسب أعماله وأفعاله السيئة فإما يعجلها في الدنيا وإما يؤخرها للآخرة، ويتوقف ذلك على مدى فداحة الفعل وإذا ما كان له توبة، ومدى أثره وضرره على الحرث والنسل وسائر المخلوقات والله لا يحب الفساد.
The Lord of the worlds punishes people according to their acts and evil deeds. He either hastens their punishment in the worldly life or delays it and inflicts it on them in the Hereafter. This depends on the extent of the enormity of the evil deed and whether it is forgivable or not. It also depends on the extent of its effect and harm on crops and livestock and all other creatures, as Allah does not like corruption.
فالأقوام السابقة كقوم نوح، هود، صالح، لوط، فرعون وغيرهم ممن كذبوا بالرسل فعاجلهم الله العقوبة في الدنيا وذلك بسبب أفعالهم المنكرة وطغيانهم، فهم لم ينأوا بأنفسهم أو يكفوا شرهم بل تمادوا، فقوم هود تجبروا في الأرض، وقوم صالح قتلوا الناقة، وقوم لوط أصروا على الفاحشة، وقوم شعيب أصروا على الفساد وضياع حقوق الناس في المكيال والميزان، وقوم فرعون لحقوا بقوم موسى بغيًا وعدوًا، ومن قبلهم قوم نوح أصروا على الشرك بعبادة رب العالمين.
The previous nations of Nūh (Noah), Hūd (Heber), Sālih, and Lūt (Lot) as the Pharaoh and others who rejected their messengers, Allah hastened their punishment in this life because of their evil deeds and tyranny as they did not keep themselves away from evil or spare people their evil; rather, they exceeded their limits. As for the people of Heber, they were haughty and arrogant. The people of Sālih killed the she-camel, and the people of Lot insisted on immorality. The people of Shu‘ayb (Jethro) insisted on corruption and on violating people's rights in measure and weight. The people of Pharaoh pursued the people of Moses out of transgression and tyranny, and before them the people of Noah insisted on associating partners with Allah in worship.
قال الله تعالى:
Allah Almighty said:
"مَّنْ عَمِلَ صَالِحًا فَلِنَفْسِهِ ۖ وَمَنْ أَسَاءَ فَعَلَيْهَا ۗ وَمَا رَبُّكَ بِظَلَّامٍ لِّلْعَبِيدِ" [327] . (فصلت: 46).
{Whoever does a righteous deed, it is to his own benefit; and whoever does an evil deed, it is to his own loss. Your Lord is not unjust to His slaves.} [327] Surat Fussilat: 46.
"فَكُلًّا أَخَذْنَا بِذَنْبِهِ فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ أَرْسَلْنَا عَلَيْهِ حَاصِبًا وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ أَخَذَتْهُ الصَّيْحَةُ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ خَسَفْنَا بِهِ الْأَرْضَ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ أَغْرَقْنَا وَمَا كَانَ اللَّهُ لِيَظْلِمَهُمْ وَلَكِنْ كَانُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ يَظْلِمُونَ" [328]. (العنكبوت: 40).
{Each of them We seized for their sin: against some of them We sent a storm of stones; some were seized by a blast; some We caused the earth to swallow; and some We drowned. It was not Allah Who wronged them, but it was they who wronged themselves.} [328] Surat al-‘Ankabūt: 40.