النبي محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم هو: محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد المطلب بن هاشم، من قبيلة قريش العربية، التي كانت تسكن في مكة، وهو من ذرية إسماعيل بن إبراهيم الخليل.
Prophet Muhammad (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) is Muhammad ibn ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hāshim, from the Quraysh, an Arab tribe that lived in Makkah. He is from the offspring of Ismā‘īl ibn Ibrāhīm (Ishmael son of Abraham), the close friend of Allah.
وكما ذُكر في العهد القديم فقد تعهد الله بأن يبارك إسماعيل ويُخرج من نسله أمة كبيرة.
As mentioned in the Old Testament, Allah has promised to bless Ishmael and bring out of his offspring a great nation.
"وأما اسماعيل فقد سمعت لك فيه، ها أنا أباركه وأثمره وأكثره كثيرًا جدًا، اثني عشر رئيسًا، يلد وأجعله أمة كبيرة "[136]. (العهد القديم، سفر التكوين 17: 20).
"And as for Ishmael, I have heard thee: Behold, I have blessed him, and will make him fruitful, and will multiply him exceedingly; twelve chiefs shall he beget, and I will make him a great nation." [136] Old Testament, Genesis 17:20.
وهذا من أكبر الأدلة على أن إسماعيل كان ابنًا شرعيًا لإبراهيم عليه السلام. (العهد القديم، سفر التكوين 16: 11).
This is the strongest evidence that Ishmael was Abraham's legitimate son. Old Testament, Genesis 16:11.
"وقال لها ملاك الرب ها أنت حبلى فتلدين ابنا، وتدعين اسمه اسماعيل لأن الرب قد سمع لمذلَّتك" [137]. (العهد القديم، سفر التكوين16: 3).
"The angel of the Lord also said to her: You are now pregnant and you will give birth to a son. You shall name him Ishmael, for the Lord has heard of your misery." [137] Old Testament, Genesis 16:3.
"فأخذت سارة امرأة إبراهيم هاجر المصرية جاريتها من بعد عشر سنين لإقامة إبراهيم في أرض كنعان وأعطتها لإبراهيم زوجة له"[138].
"So after Abraham had been living in Canaan for ten years, Sarah his wife gave her Egyptian slave girl Hagar to Abraham to be his wife." [138]
ولد النبي محمد بـمكة، وقد مات أبوه قبل أن يولد، ث م ماتت أمه وهو طفلٌ صغير فكفله جده، ثم مات جده فكفله عمه أبو طالب.
Prophet Muhammad was born in Makkah. His father died before his birth, then his mother died when he was a little boy, so his grandfather took care of him. Then, after the death of his grandfather, his uncle, Abu Tālib, looked after him.
كان معروفًا بصدقه وأمانته، لا يشارك أهل الجاهلية ولا يخوض معهم في اللهو واللعب، أو الرقص والغناء، ولا في شرب الخمر ولم يكن يقر بها، ثم بدأ النبي يخرج إلى جبلٍ قريب من مكة (غار حراء) للتعبد، ثم نـزل عليه الوحي في هذا المكان، فجاءه الملك من عند الله عز وجل. فقال له الملك: اقرأ. اقرأ، وكان النبي لا يقرأ ولا يكتب، فقال النبي: ما أنا بقارئ -أي لا أحسن القراءة- فأعاد الملك الطلب، فقال: ما أنا بقارئ، فأعاد الملك الطلب مرة ثانية، وضمه إليه بشدة حتى بلغ منه الجهد، ثم قال: اقرأ، فقال: ما أنا بقارئ -أي لا أحسن القراءة- في المرة الثالثة قال له: "اقْرَأْ بِاسْمِ رَبِّكَ الَّذِي خَلَقَ (1) خَلَقَ الإنسان مِنْ عَلَقٍ (2) اقْرَأْ وَرَبُّكَ الْأَكْرَمُ (3) الَّذِي عَلَّمَ بِالْقَلَمِ (4) عَلَّمَ الإنسان مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ" [139]. (العلق: 1-5).
He was known for his truthfulness and honesty. He never took part in the entertainment, play, dancing, or singing that were practiced by the people of the pre-Islamic era of ignorance. Moreover, he never consumed alcohol and never acknowledged it. The Prophet, then, started going to a mountain, which was near Makkah (the cave of Hirā’), for worship. In that place, he received the revelation. An angel sent by Allah Almighty came to him and said: "Read, read." The Prophet was unlettered, so he said: "I cannot read". The angel repeated his request, and the Prophet gave the same reply. Then, the angel requested him to read for the second time and strongly embraced him till he could not bear it anymore, and then he said: Read, but the Prophet replied: I cannot read. On the third time, he said to him: {Read in the name of your Lord Who created, created man from a clinging clot. Read, and your Lord is the Most Generous, Who taught by the pen, taught man what he did not know.} [139] Surat al-‘Alaq: 1-5.
الدليل على صدق نبوته:
Evidence on the truthfulness of his prophethood is represented in the following:
نجدها في سيرته، فقد عُرف رجلاً صادقًا أمينًا. قال الله تعالى:
Evidence could be found in his biography, as he was known to be a truthful and honest man. Allah Almighty said:
"وَمَا كُنتَ تَتْلُو مِن قَبْلِهِ مِن كِتَابٍ وَلَا تَخُطُّهُ بِيَمِينِكَ ۖ إِذًا لَّارْتَابَ الْمُبْطِلُونَ"[140]. (العنكبوت: 48).
{You [O Prophet] never recited any book before this, nor did you write with your hand. Otherwise, the people of falsehood would have raised suspicions.} [140] Surat al-‘Ankabūt: 48.
وكان الرسول أول من يطبق ما يدعو إليه، ويصدق أقواله بالأفعال، وأنه لم يكن يطلب أجرًا دنيويًا على ما يدعو إليه، فعاش فقيرًا كريمًا رحيمًا متواضعًا، وكان أكثرهم تضحية وأزهدهم فيما عند الناس. قال الله تعالى:
The Prophet was the first to practice what he was preaching, and his acts always conformed with his words, and he never asked for a worldly reward in return for making Da‘wah (inviting people to embrace Islam). So, he lived as a poor, honorable, merciful, and modest man. He was the most willing among them when it came to making sacrifices, and was the most ascetic when it came to people's possessions. Allah Almighty said:
"أُولَٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ هَدَى اللَّهُ ۖ فَبِهُدَاهُمُ اقْتَدِهْ ۗ قُل لَّا أَسْأَلُكُمْ عَلَيْهِ أَجْرًا ۖ إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا ذِكْرَىٰ لِلْعَالَمِينَ "[141]. (الأنعام: 90).
{They are those whom Allah has guided, so follow their guidance. Say, “I do not ask any reward for it. It is but a reminder for the worlds.”} [141] Surat al-An‘ām: 90.
وقدَّم أدلة على صدق نبوته بما أتاه الله من آيات القرآن الكريم الذي جاء بلغتهم وكان من البلاغة والفصاحة ما يجعله يعلو على كلام البشر. قال الله تعالى:
The Prophet presented evidence on the truthfulness of his prophethood through the verses of the Noble Qur’an that Allah revealed to him in their own language, and that expressed a great level of eloquence and fluency, which could not possibly come from human beings. Allah Almighty said:
"أَفَلَا يَتَدَبَّرُونَ الْقُرْآنَ ۚ وَلَوْ كَانَ مِنْ عِندِ غَيْرِ اللَّهِ لَوَجَدُوا فِيهِ اخْتِلَافًا كثيرًا "[142]. (النساء: 82).
{Do they not then ponder on the Qur’an? If it had been from anyone other than Allah, they would have surely found in it many discrepancies.} [142] Surat an-Nisā’: 82.
" أَمْ يَقُولُونَ افْتَرَاهُ ۖ قُلْ فَأْتُوا بِعَشْرِ سُوَرٍ مِّثْلِهِ مُفْتَرَيَاتٍ وَادْعُوا مَنِ اسْتَطَعْتُم مِّن دُونِ اللَّهِ إِن كُنتُمْ صَادِقِينَ " [143]. (هود: 13).
{Or do they say, “He has fabricated it”? Say, “Then produce ten fabricated Chapters like it and seek help from whoever you can besides Allah, if you are truthful!”} [143] Surat Hūd: 13.
"فإِن لَّمْ يَسْتَجِيبُوا لَكَ فَاعْلَمْ أَنَّمَا يَتَّبِعُونَ أَهْوَاءَهُمْ ۚ وَمَنْ أَضَلُّ مِمَّنِ اتَّبَعَ هَوَاهُ بِغَيْرِ هُدًى مِّنَ اللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّ اللَّهَ لَا يَهْدِي الْقَوْمَ الظَّالِمِينَ" [144]. (القصص: 50).
{But if they do not respond to you, then know that they only follow their desires. Who is more astray than one who follows his desire without any guidance from Allah? Indeed, Allah does not guide the wrongdoing people.} [144] Surat al-Qasas: 50.
وعندما أشاع قوم في المدينة المنورة أن الشمس انكسفت لموت إبراهيم ابن النبي، خطب بهم النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وقال عبارة كانت بمثابة رسالة لكل من يتبنى خرافات لا تُحصى عن كسوف الشمس حتى يومنا هذا. قال بكل وضوح وبيان قبل أكثر من أربعة عشر قرنًا:
When some people in Madīnah claimed that the sun eclipsed owing to the death of Ibrāhīm, the Prophet's son, the Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) delivered a sermon and made a statement, which was like a message addressed to whoever adopts countless superstitions about the sun eclipse until our present day. He clearly and explicitly said, more than fourteen centuries ago:
"إنَّ الشَّمسَ والقَمَر آيتانِ مِن آياتِ الله، لا يُخسَفانِ لمِوتِ أحدْ ولا لحِياته، فإِذا رأيتُم ذلكْ، فافزَعوا إلى ذِكر الله والصَّلاة" [145]. (صحيح البخاري).
"Indeed, the sun and the moon are two of the signs of Allah. They do not eclipse on account of the death or life of anyone. So, when there is an eclipse, hasten to remembering Allah and to prayer." [145] "Sahīh al-Bukhāri".
فلو كان نبيًا كاذبًا لاستغل هذه الفرصة لا محالة لاقتاع الناس بنبوته.
Had he been a liar, he would have certainly taken advantage of this opportunity to convince people of his prophethood.
ومن دلائل نبوته هو ذكر أوصافه واسمه في العهد القديم.
Another evidence on the truthfulness of his prophethood is the fact that his name and traits were mentioned in the Old Testament.
" ويُدفع الكتاب لمن لا يعرف القراءة، ويقال له: اقرأ هذا، فيقول: لا أعرف القراءة"[146]. (العهد القديم، سفر أشعياء 29: 12).
"And the book is delivered to someone who cannot read, saying: Read this, and he said: I cannot read." [146] Old Testament, Isaiah 29:12.
ومع أن المسلمين لا يعتقدون بأن كتابي العهد القديم والعهد الجديد الموجودان حاليًا هما من عند الله لوجود التحريف فيها، لكنهم يؤمنون بأن كلاهما له مصدر صحيح، والذي هو التوراة والإنجيل (وهو ما أوحاه الله إلى أنبيائه: موسى والمسيح عيسى). لذلك فإنه قد يوجد في كتب العهد القديم والعهد الجديد ما هو من عند الله. ويعتقد المسلمون أن هذه النبوءة إن صحت، فهي تتكلم عن النبي محمد، وهي من بقايا التوراة الصحيحة.
Despite the fact that Muslims do not believe that the Old and New Testaments, which are currently available, are from Allah as they were distorted; however, they believe that both of them come from authentic sources, which are the Torah and the Gospel that were revealed by Allah to His Prophets: Moses and Jesus. Thus, it is possible that some of what is mentioned in the books of the Old and New Testaments is from Allah. Muslims believe that this prophecy, if authentic, refers to Prophet Muhammad and represents part of the authentic Torah.
إن الرسالة التي كان يدعو إليها النبي محمد هي العقيدة الخالصة وهي (الإيمان بإله واحد وتوحيده في العبادة)، وهي رسالة جميع الأنبياء من قبله وقد جاء بها لجميع البشر. كما ورد في القرآن الكريم:
The message that was advocated by Prophet Muhammad is the pure creed, which is belief in one God and worshiping Him alone. It was the same message conveyed by all the prophets before him, and he brought it to all mankind as mentioned in the Noble Qur’an:
"قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّـهِ إِلَيْكُمْ جَمِيعًا الَّذِي لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ لَا إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ ۖ فَآمِنُوا بِاللَّـهِ وَرَسُولِهِ النَّبِيِّ الْأُمِّيِّ الَّذِي يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّـهِ وَكَلِمَاتِهِ وَاتَّبِعُوهُ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ" [147]. (الأعراف: 158).
{Say [O Prophet], “O people, I am the Messenger of Allah to you all. To Him belongs the dominion of the heavens and earth; none has the right to be worshiped except Him; He gives life and causes death.” So believe in Allah and His Messenger, the unlettered Prophet, who believes in Allah and His words, and follow him, so that you may be guided.} [147] Surat al-A‘rāf: 158.
ولم يُمجِّد المسيح أحدًا على الأرض، كما مَجَّده محمد عليه الصلاة والسلام.
None has honored the Messiah on earth as Prophet Muhammad (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) did.
قال الرسول عليه الصلاة والسلام: "أَنَا أَوْلَى النَّاسِ بعِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ، في الأُولَى وَالآخرة قالوا: كيفَ؟ يا رَسُولَ اللهِ، قالَ: الأنْبِيَاءُ إِخْوَةٌ مِن عَلَّاتٍ، وَأُمَّهَاتُهُمْ شَتَّى، وَدِينُهُمْ وَاحِدٌ، فليسَ بيْنَنَا نَبِيٌّ (بين المسيح عيسى وبيني)" [148]. (صحيح مسلم).
The Prophet (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him) said: "'I am the closest to Jesus, son of Mary, among all mankind in this worldly life and in the Hereafter.' They said: 'O Messenger of Allah, and how is that?' Thereupon he said: 'The prophets are brothers in faith, having different mothers. Their religion is one; however, there is no prophet between us (between Jesus Christ and myself).'" [148] "Sahīh Muslim".
وذُكر اسم المسيح عيسى في القرآن أكثر من اسم النبي محمد (25مرة مقابل4مرات).
The name of Jesus Christ was mentioned in the Qur’an more than the name of Prophet Muhammad (25 times against 4 times).
فُضِّلت مريم أم عيسى على نساء العالم وفقًا لما جاء في القرآن.
Mary, the mother of Jesus, has been given preference over all women according to what is mentioned in the Qur’an.
كما أن السيدة مريم هي الوحيدة التي ذكرت باسمها في القرآن.
Moreover, Mary is the only woman whose name was mentioned in the Qur’an.
وهناك سورة كاملة في القرآن باسم السيدة مريم[149]. www.fatensabri.com كتاب عين على الحقيقة. فاتن صبري.
There is also a whole Chapter in the Qur’an that is named after Mary. [149] "‘Ayn ‘ala al-Haqīqah" by Faten Sabri. www.fatensabri.com
وهذا من أكبر الدلائل على صدقه صلى الله عليه وسلم، فلو كان نبيًا كاذبًا لكان ذكر أسماء زوجاته أو والدته أو بناته، ولو كان نبيًا كاذبًا ما كان ليمجَّد المسيح أو يجعل الإيمان به ركن من أركان إيمان المسلم.
This is among the strongest proofs of his truthfulness (may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him), for had he been a liar, he would have mentioned the names of his wives, his mother, or his daughters. Had he been a liar, he would not have honored the Messiah or have made the belief in him one of the pillar's of the Muslim's faith.
إنه بعمل بمقارنة بسيطة بين النبي محمد وأي قسيس في يومنا الحاضر سوف ندرك صدقه. فقد رفض كل امتيازات عرضت عليه من مال وجاه أو حتى أي منصب كهنوتي، فلم يكن يسمع لاعتراف أو يغفر ذنوب المؤمنين. بل أمر أتباعه باللجوء مباشرة إلى الخالق.
By making a simple comparison between Prophet Muhammad and any priest today, we will instantly realize the truthfulness of Prophet Muhammad. He rejected all the privileges that he was offered: the money, the social status, and even the religious authority. He did not listen to confessions or forgive the believers' sins; rather, he commanded his followers to resort directly to the Creator.
إنه لمن أكبر الدلائل على صدق نبوته هو انتشار دعوته وقبول الناس لها وتوفيق الله له، فلم يكتب الله النجاح لمدعي نبوة كاذب قط في تاريخ البشرية.
Another proof of the truthfulness of his prophethood is the prevalence of his message and people's acceptance of his call and the success that Allah granted him, for none of those who falsely claimed prophethood has ever been granted success in the history of mankind.
قال الفيلسوف الإنكليزي توماس كارليل (1881-1795): "لقد أصبح من أكبر العار على أي فرد متمدن من أبناء هذا العصر أن يُصغي إلى ما يظن، من أن دين الإسلام كذب، وأن محمد خداع، وأن لنا أن نحارب ما يشاع من مثل هذه الأقوال السخيفة المخجلة، فإنَّ الرسالة التي أداها ذلك الرسول ما زالت السراج المنير، مدة اثني عشر قرنًا لنحو مائتي مليون من الناس أمثالنا، خلقهم الله الذي خلقنا. وهل رأيتم قطُّ معشر الإخوان أنَّ رجلاً كاذبًا يستطيع أن يُوجِد دينًا وينشره؟ عجبًا والله، إن الرجل الكاذب لا يقدر أن يبني بيتًا من الطوب، فهو إذا لم يكن عليمًا بخصائص الجير والجص والتراب وما شاكل ذلك، فما ذلك الذي يبنيه بيت وإنما هو تل من الأنقاض وكثيب من أخلاط المواد، نعم وليس جديرًا أن يبقى على دعائمه اثني عشر قرنًا يسكنه مائتا مليون من الأنفس، ولكنه جدير أن تنهار أركانه، فينهدم فكأنه لم يكن"[150]. كتاب "الأبطال".
Thomas Carlyle, an English Philosopher (1795- 1881), said: "It is a great shame for anyone civilized living in this age to listen to the accusation that Islam is a lie and that Muhammad was a fabricator and a deceiver. It is time for us to fight such absurd and shameful statements. The message that was conveyed by this Messenger has been acting as a beacon of light, for twelve centuries, for about two hundred million people like us, created by the same God. Have you ever seen a liar who can invent a religion and spread it? How odd! A liar cannot even build a house out of bricks, for if he is not well-informed about the characteristics of lime, plaster, sand, and the like, he will be building nothing but a pile of debris and a heap of mixed substances. A house like this cannot stand for twelve centuries and cannot be inhabited by two hundred million people; rather, its pillars would definitely collapse and it would fall down as if it had not existed in the first place." [150] "On Heroes, by Thomas Carlyle".