يمكن تمييز الدين الصحيح عن غيره من خلال ثلاثة نقاط أساسية[44]: مقتبس من كتاب خرافة الإلحاد. د. عمرو شريف. طبعة 2014م.
It is possible to distinguish the right religion from others through three main points, which are: [44] Quoted from "Khurāfat al-Ilhād" by Dr. ‘Amr Sharīf, the edition of 2014.
صفات الخالق أو الإله في هذا الدين.
. The attributes of the Creator or God in this religion.
صفات الرسول أو النبي.
. The qualities of the messenger or the prophet.
محتوى الرسالة.
. The content of the message.
الرسالة السماوية أو الدين، لا بد أن يحتوي على وصف وشرح لصفات الجمال والجلال للخالق، والتعريف بنفسه وذاته وعلى أدلة وجوده.
The heavenly message or the religion must contain a description and an explanation of the attributes of beauty and majesty of the Creator, and an introduction of His essence, and the proofs of His existence.
قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ (1) اللَّهُ الصَّمَدُ (2) لَمْ يَلِدْ وَلَمْ يُولَدْ (3) وَلَمْ يَكُن لَّهُ كُفُوًا أَحَدٌ [45]. (الإخلاص 1-4).
{Say: “He is Allah, the One; Allah, the Eternal Refuge. He neither begets nor is He begotten, and there is none comparable to Him.”} [45] Surat al-Ikhlās: 1-4.
هُوَ اللَّـهُ الَّذِي لَا إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ ۖ عَالِمُ الْغَيْبِ وَالشَّهَادَةِ ۖ هُوَ الرَّحْمَـٰنُ الرَّحِيمُ (٢٢) هُوَ اللَّـهُ الَّذِي لَا إِلَـٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْمَلِكُ الْقُدُّوسُ السَّلَامُ الْمُؤْمِنُ الْمُهَيْمِنُ الْعَزِيزُ الْجَبَّارُ الْمُتَكَبِّرُ ۚ سُبْحَانَ اللَّـهِ عَمَّا يُشْرِكُونَ (٢٣) هُوَ اللَّـهُ الْخَالِقُ الْبَارِئُ الْمُصَوِّرُ ۖ لَهُ الْأَسْمَاءُ الْحُسْنَىٰ ۚ يُسَبِّحُ لَهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ وَهُوَ الْعَزِيزُ الْحَكِيمُ [46]. (الحشر 22-24).
{He is Allah; none has the right to be worshiped except Him, Knower of the unseen and the seen; He is the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful. He is Allah; none has the right to be worshiped except Him, the Sovereign, the Most Holy, the Most Perfect, the Granter of Security, the Watcher over all, the All-Mighty, the Compeller, the Supreme. Glory be to Allah far above what they associate with Him. He is Allah, the Creator, the Maker, the Fashioner. He has the most beautiful names. All that is in the heavens and earth glorifies Him, for He is the All-Mighty, the All-Wise.} [46] Surat al-Hashr: 22-24.
وأما فيما يختص بمفهوم الرسول وصفاته، فإن الدين أو الرسالة السماوية:
Concerning the concept and the qualities of the messenger, the religion or the heavenly message must:
1- تشرح كیفیة اتصال الخالق بالرسول.
1. Explain the manner of communication between the Creator and the messenger.
وَأَنَا اخْتَرْتُكَ فَاسْتَمِعْ لِمَا يُوحى[47]. (طه:13).
{I have chosen you, so listen to what is being revealed.} [47] Surat Taha: 13.
2-تبین أن الأنبياء والرسل مسؤولون عن التبليغ عن الله.
2. Clarify the fact that the prophets and messengers are responsible for conveying the message from Allah.
يَا أَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ بَلِّغْ مَا أُنزِلَ إِلَيْكَ مِن رَّبِّكَ...[48] . (المائدة :67).
{O Messenger, convey what has been sent down to you from your Lord...} [48] Surat al-Mā’idah: 67.
3- تبین أن الرسل لم يأتوا لدعوة الناس لعبادتهم، بل لعبادة الله وحده.
3. Clarify the fact that the messengers were not sent to call people to worship them but to worship Allah alone.
مَا كَانَ لِبَشَرٍ أَن يُؤْتِيَهُ اللَّهُ الْكِتَابَ وَالْحُكْمَ وَالنُّبُوَّةَ ثُمَّ يَقُولَ لِلنَّاسِ كُونُوا عِبَادًا لِّي مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ ولكن كُونُوا رَبَّانِيِّينَ بِمَا كُنتُمْ تُعَلِّمُونَ الْكِتَابَ وَبِمَا كُنتُمْ تَدْرُسُونَ[49]. (آل عمران:79).
{It is not for a human being whom Allah has given the Scripture, wisdom, and prophethood to say to the people, “Be my worshipers instead of Allah.” Rather, he would say, “Be devoted servants of your Lord because of your teaching of the Scripture and because of your study thereof.”} [49] Surat Āl ‘Imrān: 79.
4-تؤكد أن الأنبياء والمرسلين هم الذروة في الكمال الإنساني المحدود.
4. Confirm the fact that the prophets and messengers represent the highest peak in the limited human perfection.
وَإِنَّكَ لعلى خُلُقٍ عظيم[50] . (القلم:4).
{Indeed, you are of a great moral character.} [50] Surat al-Qalam: 4.
5- تؤكد أن الرسل يمثلون القدوة البشرية للإنسان.
5. Confirm the fact that the messengers represent the human role model for people.
"َّقَدْ كَانَ لَكُمْ فِي رَسُولِ اللَّهِ أُسْوَةٌ حَسَنَةٌ لِّمَن كَانَ يَرْجُو اللَّهَ وَالْيَوْمَ الْآخِرَ وَذَكَرَ اللَّهَ كثيرًا [51]. (الأحزاب :21).
{Indeed, in the Messenger of Allah you have an excellent example for those who look forward to Allah and the Last Day, and remember Allah much.} [51] Surat al-Ahzāb: 21.
إنه من غير الممكن، قبول ديانة تخبرنا نصوصها أن أنبيائها زناة، أو قتلة أو سفاحون وخونة ولا ديانة تعج نصوصها بالخيانة في أسوء معانيها.
It is impossible to accept a religion whose texts tell us that its messengers are adulterers, murderers or killers, and traitors, or a religion whose texts are congested with treason in its worst levels.
أما فيما يختص بمحتوى الرسالة ينبغي أن تتميز بالآتي:
As for the message content, it must contain:
1- التعريف بالإله الخالق.
1. A definition of the creating God.
إن الدين الصحيح لا يصف الإله بصفات لا تليق بجلاله أو تقلل من قدره، كأن يأتي بصورة حجر أو حيوان، أو أن يلد أو يولد، أو يكن له مثيل من أحد من مخلوقاته.
The right religion does not describe God with attributes that do not befit His majesty or that undermine Him, by saying that the God is embodied in the form of a rock or an animal, or that He begets or is begotten, or that He has a peer from among His creatures.
...لَيْسَ كَمِثْلِهِ شَيْءٌ ۖ وَهُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْبَصِيرُ[52]. (الشورى: 11).
{...There is nothing like unto Him, and He is the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing.} [52] Surat ash-Shūra: 11.
اللَّهُ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الْحَيُّ الْقَيُّومُ ۚ لَا تَأْخُذُهُ سِنَةٌ وَلَا نَوْمٌ ۚ لَّهُ مَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَمَا فِي الْأَرْضِ ۗ مَن ذَا الَّذِي يَشْفَعُ عِندَهُ إِلَّا بِإِذْنِهِ ۚ يَعْلَمُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ ۖ وَلَا يُحِيطُونَ بِشَيْءٍ مِّنْ عِلْمِهِ إِلَّا بِمَا شَاءَ ۚ وَسِعَ كُرْسِيُّهُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ ۖ وَلَا يَئُودُهُ حِفْظُهُمَا ۚ وَهُوَ الْعَلِيُّ الْعَظِيمُ[53] . (البقرة :255).
{Allah: none has the right to be worshiped except Him, the Ever-Living, All-Sustaining. Neither drowsiness overtakes Him nor sleep. To Him belongs all that is in the heavens and all that is on earth. Who is there that can intercede with Him except with His permission? He knows what was before them and what will be after them, while they encompass nothing of His knowledge, except what He wills. His Kursī [footstool] extends over the heavens and earth, and safeguarding of both does not weary Him, for He is the Most High, the Most Great.} [53] Surat al-Baqarah: 255.
2- توضيح الغایة والهدِف من الوجود.
2. A clarification of the objective and the goal behind existence.
وَمَا خَلَقْتُ الْجِنَّ وَالْإِنسَ إِلَّا لِیَعْبُدُونِ[54]. (الذاريات :56).
{I have not created the jinn and mankind except to worship Me.} [54] Surat adh-Dhāriyāt: 56.
قُلْ إِنَّمَا أَنَا بَشَرٌ مِّثْلُكُمْ يُوحَىٰ إِلَيَّ أَنَّمَا إِلَٰهُكُمْ إِلَٰهٌ وَاحِدٌ ۖ فَمَن كَانَ يَرْجُو لِقَاءَ رَبِّهِ فَلْيَعْمَلْ عَمَلًا صَالِحًا وَلَا يُشْرِكْ بِعِبَادَةِ رَبِّهِ أَحَدًا"[55]. (الكهف: 110).
{Say, “I am only a man like you; it has been revealed to me that your God is One God. So whoever hopes for the meeting with his Lord, let him do righteous deeds and associate none in the worship of his Lord.”} [55] Surat al-Kahf: 110.
3- أن تكون المفاهيم الدینیة في حدود الإمكانيّات البَشرية.
3. Religious concepts that are within the limits of the human capabilities.
...يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَلَا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ ...[56]. (البقرة: 185).
{...Allah wants ease for you and does not want hardship for you...} [56] Surat al-Baqarah: 185.
لَا يُكَلِّفُ اللَّهُ نَفْسًا إِلَّا وُسْعَهَا ۚ لَهَا مَا كَسَبَتْ وَعَلَيْهَا مَا اكْتَسَبَتْ...[57]. (البقرة: 286).
{Allah does not burden any soul greater than it can bear. For it is what it has earned, and against it is what it has incurred...} [57] Surat al-Baqarah: 286.
يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ أَن يُخَفِّفَ عَنكُمْ ۚ وَخُلِقَ الإنسان ضَعِيفًا[58]. (النساء: 28).
{Allah wants to lighten your burdens, for man was created weak.} [58] Surat an-Nisā’: 28.
4-تقديم البرهان العَقلي على صِحة ما يقوم بعرضه من مفاهيم ومسلمات.
4. Logical evidence on the soundness of the concepts and axioms that it presents.
فيجب أن تعطینا الرسالة البراهين العقلية الواضحة والكافية للحكم على صحة ما جاء بها.
The message must offer clear and sufficient logical proofs of the soundness of what it presents.
فلم یكتف القرآن الكريم بسوق الأدلة والبراهين العقلية، بل تحدى المشركين والملحدين على أن یقدموا البراهين على صحة ما يقولون.
Not only has the Noble Qur’an offered logical evidence, but it has also challenged the polytheists and the atheists to offer proofs of the soundness of their claims.
وَقَالُوا لَن يَدْخُلَ الْجَنَّةَ إِلَّا مَن كَانَ هُودًا أَوْ نَصَارَىٰ ۗ تِلْكَ أَمَانِيُّهُمْ ۗ قُلْ هَاتُوا بُرْهَانَكُمْ إِن كُنتُمْ صَادِقِينَ[59] (البقرة: 111).
{And they say, “None will enter Paradise except a Jew or a Christian.” That is their wishful thinking. Say, “Produce your proof, if you are truthful.”} [59] Surat al-Baqarah: 111.
وَمَن يَدْعُ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَٰهًا آخَرَ لَا بُرْهَانَ لَهُ بِهِ فَإِنَّمَا حِسَابُهُ عِندَ رَبِّهِ ۚ إِنَّهُ لَا يُفْلِحُ الْكَافِرُونَ[60] (المؤمنون: 117).
{Whoever invokes another god besides Allah, for which he has no proof, his reckoning will be with his Lord. Indeed, the disbelievers will never succeed.} [60] Surat al-Mu’minūn: 117.
قُلِ انظُرُوا مَاذَا فِي السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۚ وَمَا تُغْنِي الْآيَاتُ وَالنُّذُرُ عَن قَوْمٍ لَّا يُؤْمِنُونَ[61] (يونس: 101).
{Say, “Look at what is in the heavens and earth.” But the signs and warnings are of no avail to those who do not believe.} [61] Surat Yūnus: 101.
5- ألا یوجد تناقض بین المضامين الدینیة التي تطرحها الرسالة.
5. No contradiction between the religious contents presented in the message.
" أَفَلَا يَتَدَبَّرُونَ الْقُرْآنَ ۚ وَلَوْ كَانَ مِنْ عِندِ غَيْرِ اللَّهِ لَوَجَدُوا فِيهِ اخْتِلَافًا كثيرًا "[62]. (النساء: 82).
{Do they not then ponder on the Qur’an? If it had been from anyone other than Allah, they would have surely found in it many discrepancies.} [62] Surat an-Nisā’: 82.
"هُوَ الَّذِي أَنزَلَ عَلَيْكَ الْكِتَابَ مِنْهُ آيَاتٌ مُّحْكَمَاتٌ هُنَّ أُمُّ الْكِتَابِ وَأُخَرُ مُتَشَابِهَاتٌ ۖ فَأَمَّا الَّذِينَ فِي قُلُوبِهِمْ زَيْغٌ فَيَتَّبِعُونَ مَا تَشَابَهَ مِنْهُ ابْتِغَاءَ الْفِتْنَةِ وَابْتِغَاءَ تَأْوِيلِهِ ۗ وَمَا يَعْلَمُ تَأْوِيلَهُ إِلَّا اللَّهُ ۗ وَالرَّاسِخُونَ فِي الْعِلْمِ يَقُولُونَ آمَنَّا بِهِ كُلٌّ مِّنْ عِندِ رَبِّنَا ۗ وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّا أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ"[63]. (ال عمران: 7).
{It is He Who has sent down to you the Book. In it are definite verses, which are the foundation of the Book; while others are ambiguous. Those with deviant hearts follow the ambiguous verses, seeking discord and seeking their [false] interpretation. But no one knows their [true] interpretation except Allah. And those who are well-grounded in knowledge say, “We believe in it. It is all from our Lord.” None will take heed except people of understanding.} [63] Surat Āl ‘Imran: 7.
6- ألا یتناقض النص الديني مع قانون الفطرة الأخلاقي للإنسان.
6. No contradiction between the religious text and man's natural moral law.
" فَأَقِمْ وَجْهَكَ لِلدِّينِ حَنِيفًا ۚ فِطْرَتَ اللَّـهِ الَّتِي فَطَرَ النَّاسَ عَلَيْهَا ۚ لَا تَبْدِيلَ لِخَلْقِ اللَّـهِ ۚ ذَٰلِكَ الدِّينُ الْقَيِّمُ وَلَـٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ "[64]. (الروم: 30).
{Adhere sincerely to the true religion in all uprightness. This is the natural disposition with which Allah has created mankind. There is no change in Allah’s creation. This is the straight religion, but most people do not know.} [64] Surat ar-Rūm: 30.
" يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ لِيُبَيِّنَ لَكُمْ وَيَهْدِيَكُمْ سُنَنَ الَّذِينَ مِن قَبْلِكُمْ وَيَتُوبَ عَلَيْكُمْ ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلِيمٌ حَكِيمٌ (26) وَاللَّهُ يُرِيدُ أَن يَتُوبَ عَلَيْكُمْ وَيُرِيدُ الَّذِينَ يَتَّبِعُونَ الشَّهَوَاتِ أَن تَمِيلُوا مَيْلًا عَظِيمًا "[65]. (النساء :26 -27).
{Allah wants to make things clear to you and guide you to the [righteous] ways of those before you, and accept your repentance; and Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise. Allah wants to accept your repentance, but those who follow their lusts want you to deviate a massive deviation.} [65] Surat an-Nisā’: 26-27.
7- ألا تتناقض المفاهيم الدینیة مع مفاهيم العلم المادي.
7. No contradiction between the religious concepts and the concepts of the material science.
" أَوَلَمْ يَرَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنَّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ كَانَتَا رَتْقًا فَفَتَقْنَاهُمَا ۖ وَجَعَلْنَا مِنَ الْمَاءِ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ حَيٍّ ۖ أَفَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ"[66]. (الأنبياء: 30).
{Are the disbelievers not aware that the heavens and earth were joined together and then We split them apart? We created from water every living thing. Will they not then believe?} [66] Surat al-Anbiyā’: 30.
8- ألا یكون منعزلاً عن واقع حیاة الإنسان، ومواكبًا للتقدم الحضاري.
8. It must not be isolated from the reality of man's life and it must keep abreast of the civilizational progress.
" قُلْ مَنْ حَرَّمَ زِينَةَ اللَّهِ الَّتِي أَخْرَجَ لِعِبَادِهِ وَالطَّيِّبَاتِ مِنَ الرِّزْقِ ۚ قُلْ هِيَ لِلَّذِينَ آمَنُوا فِي الْحَيَاةِ الدُّنْيَا خَالِصَةً يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ ۗ كَذَٰلِكَ نُفَصِّلُ الْآيَاتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ"[67]. (الأعراف: 32).
{Say, “Who has forbidden the adornments and lawful provisions that Allah has brought forth for His slaves?” Say, “They are for the believers in the life of this world, and they will be exclusively for them on the Day of Resurrection. This is how We make the verses clear for people who have knowledge.”} [67] Surat al-A‘rāf: 32.
9- صالح لكل زمان ومكان.
9. It must be fit for every time and place.
"…الْيَوْمَ أَكْمَلْتُ لَكُمْ دِينَكُمْ وَأَتْمَمْتُ عَلَيْكُمْ نِعْمَتِي وَرَضِيتُ لَكُمُ الْإِسْلَامَ دِينًا…"[68]. (المائدة :3).
{...Today I have perfected your religion for you, completed My favor upon you, and have chosen Islam as your religion...} [68] Surat al-Mā’idah: 3.
10- عالمية الرسالة.
10. The message must be universal.
"قُلْ يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنِّي رَسُولُ اللَّهِ إِلَيْكُمْ جَمِيعًا الَّذِي لَهُ مُلْكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ ۖ لَا إِلَٰهَ إِلَّا هُوَ يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ ۖ فَآمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ النَّبِيِّ الْأُمِّيِّ الَّذِي يُؤْمِنُ بِاللَّهِ وَكَلِمَاتِهِ وَاتَّبِعُوهُ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَهْتَدُونَ"[69]. (الأعراف: 158).
{Say [O Prophet], “O people, I am the Messenger of Allah to you all. To Him belongs the dominion of the heavens and earth; none has the right to be worshiped except Him; He gives life and causes death.” So believe in Allah and His Messenger, the unlettered Prophet, who believes in Allah and His words, and follow him, so that you may be guided.} [69] Surat al-A‘rāf: 158.